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Photo 1 GM canola in a monitored field.

Photo 2 Sampling of Bt-corn pollen in an environmentally isolated field.

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of 2,4-D adsorbed on Al- and Fe-humic substance complexes through coordination bonding (ligand exchange reaction).

Photo 3 Hairy vetch as a winter cover crop in an abandoned paddy field.

Fig. 2 Cyanamide.

Table 1 Content of cyanamide in a 9-day-old seedling of hairy vetch.

Fig. 3 Change of oviposition preference by Dacnusa sibirica in response to the number of Diglyphus isaea. Vertical bars represent the standard error. Columns with the same letter are not significantly different (Fisher's PLSD; P > 0.05).

Fig. 4 Oviposition preference by Dacnusa sibirica in response to the number of Hemiptarsenus varicornis. Vertical bars represent the standard error.

Fig. 5 Influence of spatial sparseness of food plants on the stability of herbivorous population dynamics. The square roots of the dry weight (g) of cabbage leaves that escaped from larval feeding are compared. Each bar shows the maximum likelihood estimate ± asymptotic SE. s: sparsely planted plots (1 x 1 m plant spacing). d: densely planted plots (0.2 x 0.2 m plant spacing). A. block 1 in 1994, B. block 2 in 1994, C. block 1 in 1996, D. block 2 in 1996. (Copyright by the Society of Population Ecology and Springer-Verlag).

Photo 4 Sampling in the untilled field.

Photo 5 Nematodes isolated from the untilled field.

Table 2 Nematode diversity indices of untilled manure-amended field and conventionally cultivated field at NIAES.

Photo 6 Detection of hybridization by xenia.
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